The Sacred Valley of the Incas stretches between Cusco and Machu Picchu, winding through Andean mountains at elevations above 3,000 meters. Most tourists take organized buses. But self-driving the valley gives you freedom to stop at remote ruins, local markets, and viewpoints that tour buses race past.
IDP Requirements in Peru
Peru requires an International Driving Permit for all foreign visitors. This is enforced at rental counters and at police checkpoints, which are common on the roads between Cusco and the Sacred Valley. Peru accepts both convention types.
Rental companies in Cusco are relatively small operations compared to European counters. They will ask for your IDP, domestic license, passport, and credit card. Without all four, you will not get keys.
An IDP is required for foreign drivers in Peru. Police checkpoints are common in the Sacred Valley. Both 1949 and 1968 convention types are accepted.
The Sacred Valley Route
Cusco to Pisac (33 km). The road climbs out of Cusco and descends into the valley. Pisac has one of the best Inca ruins sites and a famous market on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays.
Pisac to Urubamba (40 km). The valley floor road follows the Urubamba River. The town of Urubamba is a good base with restaurants and hotels.
Urubamba to Ollantaytambo (20 km). Ollantaytambo has magnificent Inca terraces and is the departure point for trains to Machu Picchu. The road is straightforward but watch for slow-moving trucks.
Altitude Driving Considerations
Your body at altitude. Cusco sits at 3,400 meters. The roads in the valley range from 2,800 to 4,300 meters at the highest passes. If you just arrived from sea level, spend at least two days acclimatizing in Cusco before driving. Altitude sickness impairs judgment and reaction time.
Your car at altitude. Vehicles lose power at altitude. Acceleration is slower, and engine braking is less effective on descents. Allow extra distance for braking and overtaking. Do not push the engine on steep climbs.
Do not drive on your first day in Cusco. Spend 48 hours acclimatizing. Drink coca tea. Stay hydrated. If you experience severe headache, nausea, or confusion, descend to a lower elevation immediately and do not drive.
Road Conditions and Safety
Road quality varies. The main valley road is paved and in reasonable condition. Side roads to ruins and villages can be unpaved and rutted, especially in the rainy season (November to March). A higher-clearance vehicle is recommended.
Night driving is dangerous. Roads have minimal lighting, livestock wander freely after dark, and some sections lack guardrails. Plan all driving during daylight hours.
Police checkpoints. Expect at least two or three checkpoints between Cusco and Ollantaytambo. Officers will ask for your license, IDP, and vehicle documents. Be polite, present documents calmly, and you will be waved through quickly.
1. IDP and domestic license. 2. Two days acclimatization before driving. 3. Daytime driving only. 4. Higher-clearance vehicle. 5. Coca tea for altitude. 6. Cash for fuel and tolls. 7. Documents ready for checkpoints.
Driving the Sacred Valley puts you in control of one of South America's most remarkable landscapes. The Inca builders chose this valley for a reason. An IDP and a rental car let you discover that reason at your own pace.